异步错误处理

想象一下以下代码：

function one() {
   two(function(err) {
     if(err) throw err;
     console.log("two finished");
   });
}

function two(callback) {
  setTimeout(function () { 
    three(function(err) {
      if(err) return callback(err);
      console.log("three finished");
      callback();
    });
  }, 0);
}

function three(callback)
{
  setTimeout(function () { 
    four(function(err) {
      if(err) return callback(err);
      console.log("four finished");
      callback();
    });
  }, 0);
}

function four(callback) {
  setTimeout(function(){
    callback(new Error());
  }, 0);
}

one();

如果您运行上述代码，您将会看到如下的错误信息：

Error
    at Timer.callback (example.js:34)

对于debug来说，这是非常蛋疼的。

为了简化这一点，ES4X将所有的异常堆栈信息整合在了一起，你可以使用一个函数包主它，每次只需要处理回调而不是直接传递错误

var asyncError = require('async-error');
var fs = vertx.fileSystem();

function one() {
  two(function (err) {
    if (err) {
      console.trace(err);
      test.complete();
      return;
    }

    console.log("two finished");
    should.fail("Should not reach here");
  });
}

function two(callback) {
  setTimeout(function () {
    three(function (err) {
      if (err) {
        setTimeout(function () {
          callback(asyncError(err));
        }, 0);
        return;
      }

      console.log("three finished");
      callback();
    });
  }, 0);
}

function three(callback) {
  setTimeout(function () {
    four(function (err) {
      if (err) {
        setTimeout(function () {
          callback(asyncError(err));
        }, 0);
        return;
      }

      console.log("four finished");
      callback();
    });
  }, 0);
}

function four(callback) {
  setTimeout(function () {
    fs.readFile("durpa/durp.txt", function (ar) {
      if (ar.failed()) {
        callback(asyncError(ar));
      }
    });
  }, 0);
}

one();

当文件 durpa/durp.txt 不存在时，您将会看到：

Error: File not found!
    at stacktraces/jserror.js:24:20
    at stacktraces/jserror.js:40:20
    at stacktraces/jserror.js:53:14
    at stacktraces/jserror.js:53:25
    at classpath:io/reactiverse/es4x/polyfill/global.js:25:18

上述错误发生在JS中，亦或是：

io.vertx.core.file.FileSystemException: java.nio.file.NoSuchFileException: durpa/durp.txt
	at <async>.<anonymous> (stacktraces/index.js:30)
	at <async>.<anonymous> (stacktraces/index.js:46)
	at <async>.<anonymous> (stacktraces/index.js:61)
	at io.vertx.core.file.impl.FileSystemImpl$13.perform(FileSystemImpl.java:740)
	at io.vertx.core.file.impl.FileSystemImpl$13.perform(FileSystemImpl.java:732)
	at io.vertx.core.impl.ContextImpl.lambda$executeBlocking$1(ContextImpl.java:275)
	at io.vertx.core.impl.TaskQueue.run(TaskQueue.java:76)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: java.nio.file.NoSuchFileException: durpa/durp.txt
	at sun.nio.fs.UnixException.translateToIOException(UnixException.java:86)
	at sun.nio.fs.UnixException.rethrowAsIOException(UnixException.java:102)
	at sun.nio.fs.UnixException.rethrowAsIOException(UnixException.java:107)
	at sun.nio.fs.UnixFileSystemProvider.newByteChannel(UnixFileSystemProvider.java:214)
	at java.nio.file.Files.newByteChannel(Files.java:361)
	at java.nio.file.Files.newByteChannel(Files.java:407)
	at java.nio.file.Files.readAllBytes(Files.java:3152)
	at io.vertx.core.file.impl.FileSystemImpl$13.perform(FileSystemImpl.java:736)
	... 7 more

上述错误发生在Java中